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Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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99 hot topic(s) found with the query "Chronic kidney disease"

Personalized Medicine in Kidney Disease
G Gembilo et al, JPM, October 16, 2023 (Posted: Oct 17, 2023 9AM)

From the abstract: "Personalized medicine uses the phenotypes and genotypes of individuals to tailor the best therapeutic approach for each patient at the appropriate time, to identify a person’s propensity for disease, and/or to provide timely and targeted prevention. In the context of kidney diseases, it has the potential to completely transform patient care on the basis of individual traits and needs. In particular, personalized medicine approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD) aim to tailor treatment strategies based on underlying causes, genetic factors, the rate of disease progression, and other personalized factors. "

CKD Risk Factors
CDC, June 2023 Brand (Posted: Jul 01, 2023 4PM)

Diabetes and high blood pressure are the more common causes of CKD in most adults. Other risk factors include heart disease, obesity, a family history of CKD, inherited kidney disorders, past damage to the kidneys, and older age.

Non-invasive chronic kidney disease risk stratification tool derived from retina-based deep learning and clinical factors.
Young Su Joo et al. NPJ Digit Med 2023 6 (1) 114 (Posted: Jun 20, 2023 7AM)

Despite the importance of preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD), predicting high-risk patients who require active intervention is challenging, especially in people with preserved kidney function. In this study, a predictive risk score for CKD (Reti-CKD score) was derived from a deep learning algorithm using retinal photographs. The performance of the Reti-CKD score was verified using two longitudinal cohorts of the UK Biobank and Korean Diabetic Cohort.

Biomarkers and personalised medicine in paediatric kidney disease
BL Neuen, The Lancet Ped Adol Med, June 2023 (Posted: May 31, 2023 7AM)

The concept of precision medicine for children and adults with chronic kidney disease has gained considerable attention in the past decade, with improvements in our understanding of the genetic, molecular, and other mechanisms that drive disease predisposition and progression. A notable example is the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' Kidney Precision Medicine Project,

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Future Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Mariella Gregorich et al. JAMA network open 2023 4 (4) e231870 (Posted: Apr 08, 2023 0PM)

Can routinely available data from primary care visits be used to develop and externally validate a prediction model that reliably predicts estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for upcoming follow-up visits? In this prognostic study involving 4637 adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, a prediction model including 13 routinely collected baseline variables based on data from 3 prospective multinational cohort studies was developed and externally validated. The model was robust, well calibrated, and capable of predicting decreases in eGFR up to 5 years after baseline.

The genetic revolution transforming kidney disease.
Bianca Nogrady et al. Nature 2023 3 (7951) S14-S15 (Posted: Mar 20, 2023 7AM)

Once a tool only for research, genome sequencing is now being used by clinicians to identify the cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), to guide treatment, advise family members and provide reproductive genetic counselling. It’s also being used to screen people with suspected kidney disease or even the general population, allowing physicians to intervene earlier in the course of the disease and delay — or even avoid — the worst outcomes.

NIH-funded study finds personalized kidney screening for people with type 1 diabetes could reduce costs, detect disease earlier
NIH, November 2, 2022 Brand (Posted: Nov 02, 2022 10AM)

Taking a personalized approach to kidney disease screening for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may reduce the time that chronic kidney disease (CKD) goes undetected, according to a new analysis. According to the model’s findings: People with AER of 21-30 mg per 24 hours and a HbA1c of at least 9% are at high risk for developing CKD and could be screened for urine albumin every six months. This screening frequency could reduce time with undetected kidney disease so that appropriate interventions can be instituted as early as possible. Those with AER = 10 mg per 24 hours and a HbA1c = 8% are at lower risk for developing CKD and could be screened every two years. This change reduces patient burden and potentially saves millions of dollars compared to annual screening. All others with T1D = 5 years could continue to be screened annually.

Preeclampsia, Genomics and Public Health
E Dawson et al, CDC Blog Post, October 25, 2022 (Posted: Oct 25, 2022 10AM)

Preeclampsia is estimated to occur in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. Risk factors for preeclampsia include first pregnancy; history of preeclampsia; history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or both; history of thrombophilia (a condition that increases risk of blood clots); pregnancy from in vitro fertilization; family history of preeclampsia. A recent study identified a cell free RNA (cfRNA) signature that was promising in predicting pre-eclampsia several weeks before the onset of symptoms.

Genome-wide polygenic score to predict chronic kidney disease across ancestries
A Khan et al, Nature Medicine, June 16, 2022 (Posted: Jun 16, 2022 0PM)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complex condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Polygenic prediction could enhance CKD screening and prevention; however, this approach has not been optimized for ancestrally diverse populations. By combining APOL1 risk genotypes with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of kidney function, we designed, optimized and validated a genome-wide polygenic score (GPS) for CKD. The new GPS was tested in 15 independent cohorts, including 3 cohorts of European ancestry (n?=?97,050), 6 cohorts of African ancestry (n?=?14,544), 4 cohorts of Asian ancestry (n?=?8,625) and 2 admixed Latinx cohorts (n?=?3,625).

Chronic Kidney Disease Basics
CDC, March 2022 Brand (Posted: Mar 15, 2022 7AM)

Kidney diseases are a leading cause of death in the United States. About 37 million US adults are estimated to have CKD, and most are undiagnosed. 40% of people with severely reduced kidney function (not on dialysis) are not aware of having CKD. Talk to your doctor about getting tested if you have any of these risk factors: Diabetes, High blood pressure, Heart disease, Family history of CKD, Obesity.

Co-infection with SARS-COV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants Revealed by Genomic Surveillance
RJ Rocket et al, MEDRXIV, February 15, 2022 (Posted: Feb 15, 2022 7AM)

We identified the co-infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in two epidemiologically unrelated patients with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis. Both SARS-CoV-2 variants were co-circulating locally at the time of detection. Amplicon- and probe-based sequencing using short- and long-read technologies identified and quantified Omicron and Delta subpopulations in respiratory samples from the two patients.

An equation for equity- New equations to estimate kidney function enable accurate clinical assessment without the use of race as a modifier.
K O'Leary, Nature Medicine, November 25, 2021 (Posted: Nov 27, 2021 10AM)

Two studies generated new equations for estimated GFR that do not incorporate race. Through similar approaches, both studies found that equations that did not include race but incorporated cystatin C (alone or with creatinine) had a high level of accuracy. Validation and consistent implementation of new equations that do not incorporate race will be key to providing optimal patient care.

Time to Eliminate Health Care Disparities in the Estimation of Kidney Function.
Williams Winfred W et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 9 (19) 1804-1806 (Posted: Nov 04, 2021 10AM)

Meaningful ways to alleviate health care inequities are overdue. That Black persons with CKD often lose kidney function more rapidly and have lower kidney transplantation rates than patients from other racial and ethnic groups indicates an urgent problem. The use of the most accurate estimates of GFR may permit earlier identification and care of persons at risk.Irrespective of the equations adopted, estimates of GFR are, by their very nature, imperfect.

New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race.
Inker Lesley A et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 9 (19) 1737-1749 (Posted: Nov 04, 2021 10AM)

New eGFR equations that incorporate creatinine and cystatin C but omit race are more accurate and led to smaller differences between Black participants and non-Black participants than new equations without race with either creatinine or cystatin C alone.

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Estimating Kidney Function in CKD.
Hsu Chi-Yuan et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 9 (19) 1750-1760 (Posted: Nov 04, 2021 10AM)

The use of the serum creatinine level to estimate the GFR without race (or genetic ancestry) introduced systematic misclassification that could not be eliminated even when numerous non-GFR determinants of the serum creatinine level were accounted for. The estimation of GFR with the use of cystatin C generated similar results while eliminating the negative consequences of the current race-based approaches.

Trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization study reveals causal relationships between cardiometabolic factors and chronic kidney disease.
Zheng Jie et al. International journal of epidemiology 2021 10 (Posted: Oct 24, 2021 6PM)

51, 672 CKD cases and 958 102 controls of European ancestry from CKDGen, UK Biobank and HUNT, and 13 093 CKD cases and 238 118 controls of East Asian ancestry from Biobank Japan, China Kadoorie Biobank and Japan-Kidney-Biobank/ToMMo were included. Eight risk factors showed reliable evidence of causal effects on CKD in Europeans, including genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), hypertension, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nephrolithiasis. In East Asians, BMI, T2D and nephrolithiasis showed evidence of causality on CKD.

An accessible insight into genetic findings for transplantation recipients with suspected genetic kidney disease
Z Wang et al, NPJ Genomic Medicine, July 2, 2021 (Posted: Jul 03, 2021 7AM)

Adult patients on kidney transplant waitlist were recruited from 2017 to 2019. Trio-ES was conducted for the families who had multiple affected individuals with nephropathy or clinical suspicion of a genetic kidney disease owing to early onset or extrarenal features. Pathogenic variants were confirmed in 62 from 115 families post sequencing for 421 individuals including 195 health family members as potential living donors.

Medical records-based chronic kidney disease phenotype for clinical care and “big data” observational and genetic studies
N Shang et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, April 13, 2021 (Posted: Apr 13, 2021 6AM)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a slowly progressive disorder that is typically silent until late stages, but early intervention can significantly delay its progression. We designed a portable and scalable electronic CKD phenotype to facilitate early disease recognition and empower large-scale observational studies of kidney traits. The algorithm uses a combination of rule-based and machine-learning methods.

The underestimated burden of monogenic kidney disease in adults waitlisted for kidney transplantation.
Schrezenmeier Eva et al. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2021 3 (Posted: Mar 14, 2021 10AM)

635 patients were investigated. Of these, 245 individuals had a known cause of CKD (38.5%) of which 119 had a proven genetic disease (e.g., ADPKD, Alport). Of the other 340 patients, 87 had kidney failure (KF) onset <40 years. We detected diagnostic variants in 26 of 126 patients (20.6%) of which 14 of 126 (11.1%) were pathogenic or likely pathogenic.

Clinical Implications of Removing Race From Estimates of Kidney Function.
Diao James A et al. JAMA 2020 Dec (Posted: Dec 04, 2020 11AM)

In this population-based study, we found that removal of race adjustment may increase chronic kidney disease diagnoses among Black adults and enhance access to specialist care, medical nutrition therapy, kidney disease education, and kidney transplantation, while potentially excluding kidney donors and prompting drug contraindications or dose reductions for individuals reclassified to advanced stages of CKD.

Clinical impact of genomic testing in patients with suspected monogenic kidney disease
K Jayasinghe et al. Genetics in Medicine, September 18, 2020 (Posted: Sep 21, 2020 9AM)

Exome sequencing identified a molecular diagnosis in 39% patients, encompassing 35 distinct genetic disorders. Younger age at presentation was independently associated with an ES diagnosis. Of those diagnosed, 31/80 (39%) had a change in their clinical diagnosis. ES diagnosis was considered to have contributed to management in 59%.

The gut microbiota in kidney disease
JL Pluznick, Science, September 18, 2020 (Posted: Sep 19, 2020 8PM)

Although various conditions, such as diabetes, are well known risk factors for chronic kidney disease, in recent years interest has been growing regarding a potential role for the gut microbiota in modulating outcomes in kidney disease.

Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin and sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir in patients with genotype 1 or 3 hepatitis C virus and severe renal impairment: a multicentre, phase 2b, non-randomised, open-label study
E Lawitz et al, ancet Gastro Hepato, June 9, 2020 (Posted: Jun 11, 2020 8AM)

In this phase 2b study, ledipasvir combined with sofosbuvir for 12 weeks was safe and effective in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection and stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease who were not on dialysis.

High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
CDC, May 2020 Brand (Posted: May 20, 2020 8AM)

You are more at risk for preeclampsia if: This is the first time you have given birth; You had preeclampsia during a previous pregnancy; You have chronic (long-term) high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, or both; You have a history of thrombophilia (a condition that increases risk of blood clots); You have a family history of preeclampsia.

Opportunistic deep learning of retinal photographs: the window to the body revisited
SM Waldstein, Lancet Digital Health, May 14, 2020 (Posted: May 15, 2020 3PM)

Could a doctor ascertain a patient's age, gender, smoking status, risk of chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular mortality just by examining the ocular fundus? What sounds quite impossible to clinicians might already be achieved by new artificial intelligence tools.

A deep learning algorithm to detect chronic kidney disease from retinal photographs in community-based populations
C Sabanyagam et al, The Lancet Digital Health, May 2020 (Posted: May 15, 2020 1PM)

A retinal image deep learning algorithm shows good performance for estimating chronic kidney disease, underlying the feasibility of using retinal photography as an adjunctive or opportunistic screening tool for chronic kidney disease in community populations.

How artificial kidneys and miniaturized dialysis could save millions of lives
C Huff, Nature News, March 11, 2020 (Posted: Mar 14, 2020 6AM)

After decades of slow progress, researchers are exploring better treatments for kidney failure — which kills more people than HIV or tuberculosis.

Prediction Rule for Nonresponse to Clopidogrel: ABCD-GENE Score
ACC, March 3, 2020 (Posted: Mar 05, 2020 8AM)

The ABCD-GENE score, which encompasses a total of five variables: four clinical (age, body mass index, chronic kidney disease status, and diabetes mellitus) and one genetic (CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles) showed reasonable discrimination in identifying patients with HPR status and predicted adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality.

APOL1 Genotyping in Potential African American Living Kidney Donors: Utility and Cost-Effectiveness.
Gudsoorkar Prakash et al. American journal of nephrology 2020 Jan 1-3 (Posted: Jan 22, 2020 9AM)

Variation of ApoL1 Testing Practices for Living Kidney Donors.
McIntosh Tristan et al. Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) 2019 Dec 1526924819892917 (Posted: Dec 18, 2019 8AM)

Unaddressed differences in the priorities of transplant centers and black living donors may stigmatize black donors and undermine trust in the health-care and organ donation systems. Variation in transplant center testing practices points to the critical need for further research and community engagement to inform the development of guidelines for ApoL1 testing

Predicting Risk of Kidney Disease: Is Risk-Based Kidney Care on the Horizon?
SL Tummalapalli et al, JAMA, November 8, 2019 (Posted: Nov 09, 2019 8AM)

Due to recent advances, validated equations developed in diverse populations are available for risk prediction across the kidney disease spectrum. Prevention begins with prediction, and accurate prediction facilitates testing of early prevention strategies. The challenge now begins in evaluating approaches to individualize care based on risk.

Cases in Precision Medicine: APOL1 and Genetic Testing in the Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease and Potential Transplant.
Neugut Y Dana et al. Annals of internal medicine 2019 Oct (Posted: Oct 09, 2019 8AM)

This article discusses potential indications for genetic testing in an African American patient with chronic kidney disease who is being evaluated for a kidney transplant. Two known risk variants in the APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) gene predispose to kidney disease and are found almost exclusively in persons of African ancestry.

Relationship between birth weight and chronic kidney disease: an integrative analysis of observational studies and causal inference through genetic approaches
X Yu et al, BioRXIV preprints, August 8, 2019 (Posted: Aug 12, 2019 8AM)

Optimal Use of Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease.
Miller W Greg et al. Clinical chemistry 2019 May (Posted: Jul 30, 2019 8AM)

Association of APOL1 Risk Alleles with Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans in the Million Veteran Program.
Bick Alexander G et al. Circulation 2019 Jul (Posted: Jul 30, 2019 8AM)

13% of African-Americans carry two copies of the APOL1 risk alleles, which are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The study We sought to test the association of APOL1 G1/G2 alleles with coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and stroke among African American individuals in the Million Veteran Program (MVP).

Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease - Some More Pieces for the Heritability Puzzle.
Cañadas-Garre Marisa et al. Frontiers in genetics 2019 453 (Posted: Jul 12, 2019 2PM)

Evaluating a New International Risk-Prediction Tool in IgA Nephropathy.
Barbour Sean J et al. JAMA internal medicine 2019 Apr (Posted: Apr 22, 2019 9AM)

Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States, 2019
CDC, 2019 Brand (Posted: Mar 14, 2019 9AM)

Personalized medicine in chronic kidney disease by detection of monogenic mutations.
Connaughton Dervla M et al. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2019 Feb (Posted: Mar 06, 2019 10AM)

Exome sequencing for chronic kidney disease diagnosis
H Stower, Nature Medicine, February 6, 2019 (Posted: Feb 07, 2019 1PM)

Building Nanoparticles for Kidney Disease
NIH Director blog, January 31, 2019 Brand (Posted: Feb 01, 2019 8AM)

Whole-Exome Sequencing Enables a Precision Medicine Approach for Kidney Transplant Recipients.
Mann Nina et al. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2019 Jan (Posted: Jan 23, 2019 1PM)

Defining chronic kidney disease at the genetic level
K Lavine, Science Trans Med, January 10, 2019 (Posted: Jan 11, 2019 11AM)

Researchers Discover That Kidney Disease Gene Affects More Populations Than Previously Thought
Mount Sinai Press Release, December 2018 (Posted: Jan 05, 2019 9AM)

For patients with kidney disease, genetic testing may soon be routine - DNA testing can identify a genetic culprit in about 10 percent of adults with chronic kidney disease and impacts treatment for most of them.
Eureka Alert, December 26, 2018 (Posted: Dec 29, 2018 1PM)

Diagnostic Utility of Exome Sequencing for Kidney Disease
EE Groopman et al, NEJM, December 26, 2018 (Posted: Dec 26, 2018 9PM)

35 Genes Shape Risk to Chronic Kidney Disease
GEN News, November 2018 (Posted: Dec 02, 2018 10AM)

The Burden of Candidate Pathogenic Variants for Kidney and Genitourinary Disorders Emerging From Exome Sequencing
HM Rasooly et al, Ann Int Med, November 27, 2018 (Posted: Nov 29, 2018 9AM)

Who is more likely to develop CKD?
NIDDK Information, 2018 Brand (Posted: Oct 30, 2018 10AM)

Precision Medicine for Nutritional Management in End-Stage Kidney Disease and Transition to Dialysis.
Wang Angela Yee-Moon et al. Seminars in nephrology 2018 Jul 38(4) 383-396 (Posted: Aug 08, 2018 9AM)

Precision Medicine and Personalized Management of Lipoprotein and Lipid Disorders in Chronic and End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Streja Elani et al. Seminars in nephrology 2018 Jul 38(4) 369-382 (Posted: Aug 08, 2018 9AM)

Personalized Management of Bone and Mineral Disorders and Precision Medicine in End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Jovanovich Anna et al. Seminars in nephrology 2018 Jul 38(4) 397-409 (Posted: Aug 08, 2018 9AM)

Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine in End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Kopp Jeffrey B et al. Seminars in nephrology 2018 Jul 38(4) 317-324 (Posted: Aug 08, 2018 9AM)

The Front Lines of Chronic Kidney Disease Screening and Care
When is the right time to start screening for chronic kidney disease? NIDDK, May 16, 2018 Brand (Posted: May 16, 2018 11AM)

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
Include a genetic disorder, polycystic kidney disease Brand (Posted: May 16, 2018 11AM)

Take Care of Your Kidneys and They Will Take Care of You
Brand (Posted: Apr 18, 2018 4PM)

High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease
NIDDK Brand (Posted: Mar 13, 2018 9AM)

National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet 2017
CDC, Mar 2018 Brand (Posted: Mar 05, 2018 10AM)

The Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Hopewell Jemma C et al. Journal of lipid research 2018 Jan (Posted: Mar 02, 2018 11AM)

National Kidney Month
NIDDK, Mar 2018 Brand (Posted: Mar 02, 2018 11AM)

Genome-Wide Analysis Studies and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Piras Doloretta et al. Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2017 Dec (3) 106-110 (Posted: Feb 13, 2018 3PM)

Genetic risk of APOL1 and kidney disease in children and young adults of African ancestry.
Reidy Kimberly J et al. Current opinion in pediatrics 2018 Feb (Posted: Feb 13, 2018 3PM)

Lessons from CKD-Related Genetic Association Studies-Moving Forward.
Limou Sophie et al. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2017 Dec (Posted: Dec 18, 2017 11AM)

Kidney Disease and Your Heart: WhatÂ’s the Connection?
Brand (Posted: Dec 18, 2017 11AM)

Whole-Exome Sequencing in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study
S Lata et al, Ann Int Med, Dec 5, 2017 (Posted: Dec 05, 2017 10AM)

Get Tested for Chronic Kidney Disease
Brand (Posted: Mar 10, 2017 9AM)

Apolipoprotein L1 and Kidney Disease in African Americans.
Friedman David J et al. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 2016 Apr (4) 204-15 (Posted: Jan 18, 2017 8AM)

Genomics in CKD: Is This the Path Forward?
Nadkarni Girish N et al. Advances in chronic kidney disease 2016 Mar (2) 120-4 (Posted: Jan 18, 2017 8AM)

The evolving science of apolipoprotein-L1 and kidney disease.
Chen Teresa K et al. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 2016 May (3) 217-25 (Posted: Jan 18, 2017 8AM)

Pre-pregnancy advice in chronic kidney disease: do not forget genetic counseling.
van Eerde Albertien M et al. Kidney international 2016 Oct 90(4) 905-6 (Posted: Sep 21, 2016 10AM)

Chronic Kidney Disease - A Window into Understanding Health Disparities - Neil Powe
National Human Genome Research Institute Video lecture. April 2016 (Posted: May 31, 2016 8PM)

Recent advances in the understanding and management of IgA nephropathy.
Lai Kar Neng et al. F1000Research 2016 (Posted: Mar 08, 2016 1PM)

Analytical Validation of a Personalized Medicine APOL1 Genotyping Assay for Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Assessment.
Zhang Jinglan et al. The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD 2016 Jan (Posted: Jan 20, 2016 0PM)

Pursuing Precision Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease
NIH Director Blog, December 15, 2015 Brand (Posted: Dec 15, 2015 0PM)

Do telomeres have a higher plasticity than thought? Results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study as a high-risk population.
Raschenberger Julia et al. Experimental gerontology 2015 Dec 162-6 (Posted: Dec 15, 2015 0PM)

Genome-wide association studies in pediatric chronic kidney disease.
Gupta Jayanta et al. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2015 Oct (Posted: Dec 15, 2015 0PM)

APOL1 Genotype, Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease, and Death in Older Adults.
Mukamal Kenneth J et al. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2015 Dec (Posted: Dec 15, 2015 0PM)

Metabolic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease.
Breit Marc et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2015 Jul 31. (Posted: Aug 17, 2015 6PM)

Progression of autosomal dominant kidney disease: measurement of the stage transitions of chronic kidney disease.
Blanchette Christopher M et al. Drugs Context 2015 212275 (Posted: Aug 04, 2015 2PM)

Recent developments in epigenetics of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
Reddy Marpadga A et al. Kidney Int. 2015 May 20. (Posted: Jun 30, 2015 3PM)

APOL1 Risk Alleles Are Associated with Exaggerated Age-Related Changes in Glomerular Number and Volume in African-American Adults: An Autopsy Study.
Hoy Wendy E et al. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2015 Jun 2. (Posted: Jun 30, 2015 3PM)

Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants associated with chronic kidney disease characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in North Central Region, Sri Lanka.
Nanayakkara Shanika et al. Environ Health Prev Med 2015 Jun 25. (Posted: Jun 30, 2015 3PM)

APOL1 genetic variants, chronic kidney diseases and hypertension in mixed ancestry South Africans.
Matsha Tandi E et al. BMC Genet. 2015 (1) 69 (Posted: Jun 30, 2015 3PM)

The role of genetic polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System in renal diseases: A meta-analysis.
Braliou Georgia G et al. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014 Jun (16) 1-7 (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 11AM)

Progress in risk prediction for people with chronic kidney disease.
Taal Maarten W et al. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2014 Nov (6) 519-24 (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 11AM)

Chronic kidney disease in disadvantaged populations.
Garcia-Garcia Guillermo et al. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2015 Feb (2) 183-7 (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 11AM)

Prevalence and related factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among long-lived individuals (LLI) over 95 years of age.
Liu Zuyun et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015 Mar-Apr (2) 354-8 (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 10AM)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase single nucleotide polymorphism and left ventricular function in early chronic kidney disease.
Chand Sourabh et al. PLoS ONE 2015 (1) e0116160 (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 10AM)

Association of a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor gene with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals.
Horibe Hideki et al. Nephrology (Carlton) 2014 Dec 18. (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 10AM)

APOL1 nephropathy: from gene to mechanisms of kidney injury.
Kruzel-Davila Etty et al. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2015 Jan 5. (Posted: Mar 24, 2015 10AM)

CDC Information: Most people with kidney disease aren't aware of it. Get diagnosed early.
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2014 [PDF 1 MB]
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Surveillance Project
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

Chronic Kidney Disease
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

Atherosclerosis
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

Also known as Arteriosclerosis, Hardening of arteries What Is Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs and other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis diagram.Figure A shows a normal artery with normal blood flow. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal artery. Figure B shows an artery with plaque buildup. The inset image shows a cross-section of an artery with plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis-Related Diseases Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis, and kidneys. As a result, different diseases may develop based on which arteries are affected. Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease, occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. Plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle. Plaque buildup also makes it more likely that blood clots will form in your arteries. Blood clots can partially or completely block blood flow. If blood flow to your heart muscle is reduced or blocked, you may have angina (chest pain or discomfort) or a heart attack. Plaque also can form in the heart's smallest arteries. This disease is called coronary microvascular disease (MVD). In coronary MVD, plaque doesn't cause blockages in the arteries as it does in CHD. Carotid Artery Disease Carotid (ka-ROT-id) artery disease occurs if plaque builds up in the arteries on each side of your neck (the carotid arteries). These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your brain. If blood flow to your brain is reduced or blocked, you may have a stroke. Peripheral Artery Disease Peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) occurs if plaque builds up in the major arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to your legs, arms, and pelvis. If blood flow to these parts of your body is reduced or blocked, you may have numbness, pain, and, sometimes, dangerous infections. Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease can occur if plaque builds up in the renal arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your kidneys. Over time, chronic kidney disease causes a slow loss of kidney function. The main function of the kidneys is to remove waste and extra water from the body. Overview The cause of atherosclerosis isn't known. However, certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk for the disease. These conditions are known as risk factors. You can control some risk factors, such as lack of physical activity, smoking, and an unhealthy diet. Others you can't control, such as age and a family history of heart disease. Some people who have atherosclerosis have no signs or symptoms. They may not be diagnosed until after a heart attack or stroke. The main treatment for atherosclerosis is lifestyle changes. You also may need medicines and medical procedures. These treatments, along with ongoing medical care, can help you live a healthier life. Outlook Improved treatments have reduced the number of deaths from atherosclerosis-related diseases. These treatments also have improved the quality of life for people who have these diseases. However, atherosclerosis remains a common health problem. You may be able to prevent or delay atherosclerosis and the diseases it can cause. Making lifestyle changes and getting ongoing care can help you avoid the problems of atherosclerosis and live a long, healthy life. Other Names ?Arteriosclerosis ?Hardening of the arteries

Carotid Endarterectomy
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

Also known as Carotid Artery Surgery Overview This surgery is done to restore normal blood flow to the brain to prevent a stroke if you already have symptoms of reduced blood flow. Carotid endarterectomy also may be performed preventively if a diagnostic test such as carotid ultrasound shows significant blockage that is likely to trigger a stroke. Carotid endarterectomy is not a cure. Your arteries can become blocked again if your underlying condition, such as high blood cholesterol, is not controlled and causes new plaque buildup. Carotid endarterectomy is done in a hospital. You may have general anesthesia and will not be awake or feel pain during the surgery. Your surgeon instead may decide to use local anesthesia to numb only the part of your body being worked on so that he or she can check your brain?s reaction to the decreased blood flow during surgery. You also will be given medicine to relax you during the surgery. Your vital signs will be monitored during surgery. You will lie on your back on an operating table with your head turned to one side. Your surgeon will make an incision, or cut, on your neck to expose the blocked section of the carotid artery. Your surgeon will cut into the affected artery and remove the plaque through this cut. A temporary flexible tube may be inserted so blood can flow around the blocked area as the plaque is cleared. After removing the plaque from your artery, the surgeon will close the artery and neck incisions with stitches. After surgery, you will recover in the hospital for one to two days. Your neck may hurt for a few days, and you may find it hard to swallow. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent clots and suggest steps to keep your carotid arteries healthy. Carotid endarterectomy is fairly safe when performed by experienced surgeons. However, serious complications such as clotting, stroke, or death may occur. Taking anticlotting medicines before and after surgery can reduce this risk. Other complications may include a reaction to anesthesia, short-term nerve injury that causes temporary numbness in your face or tongue, bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, heart attack, and seizure. The risk of complications is higher in women, older people, those with certain conditions such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes, and those with other serious medical conditions. Carotid endarterectomy is surgery that removes plaque buildup from inside a carotid artery in your neck.

Coronary Angiography
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

Coronary angiography is a procedure that uses contrast dye, usually containing iodine, and x ray pictures to detect blockages in the coronary arteries that are caused by plaque buildup. Overview Blockages prevent your heart from getting oxygen and important nutrients. This procedure is used to diagnose coronary heart disease and coronary microvascular disease after chest pain, sudden cardiac arrest, or abnormal results from tests such as an electrocardiogram (EKG) of the heart or an exercise stress test. It is important to detect blockages because over time they can cause chest pain, especially with physical activity or stress, or a heart attack. If you are having a heart attack, coronary angiography can help your doctors plan your treatment. Cardiologists, or doctors who specialize in the heart, will perform coronary angiography in a hospital or specialized laboratory. You will stay awake so you can follow your doctor?s instructions, but you will get medicine to relax you during the procedure. You will lie on your back on a movable table. Often, coronary angiography is done with a cardiac catheterization procedure. For this, your doctor will clean and numb an area on the arm, groin or upper thigh, or neck before making a small hole in a blood vessel. Your doctor will insert a catheter tube into your blood vessel. Your doctor will take x ray pictures to help place the catheter in your coronary artery. After the catheter is in place, your doctor will inject the contrast dye through the catheter to highlight blockages and will take x ray pictures of your heart. If blockages are detected, your doctor may use percutaneous coronary intervention, also known as coronary angioplasty, to improve blood flow to your heart. After coronary angiography, your doctor will remove the catheter, possibly use a closure device to close the blood vessel, and close and bandage the opening on your arm, groin, or neck. You may develop a bruise and soreness where the catheter was inserted. You will stay in the hospital for a few hours or overnight. During this time, your heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored. Your movement will be limited to prevent bleeding from the hole where the catheter was inserted. You will need a ride home after the procedure because of the medicines or anesthesia you received. Coronary angiography is a common procedure that rarely causes serious problems. Possible complications may include bleeding, allergic reactions to the contrast dye, infection, blood vessel damage, arrhythmias, blood clots that can trigger a heart attack or stroke, kidney damage, and fluid buildup around the heart. The risk of complications is higher in people who are older or who have certain conditions such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes. An imaging test called coronary computed tomography angiography, or coronary CTA, may be preferred over coronary angiography to detect blockages in the heart. Although coronary CTA still uses contrast dye, it does not require the invasive cardiac catheterization procedure that causes many of the complications of coronary angiography.

High Blood Pressure
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

Also known as Hypertension What Is High blood pressure is a common disease in which blood flows through blood vessels (arteries) at higher than normal pressures. Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. High blood pressure, sometimes called hypertension, happens when this force is too high. Health care workers check blood pressure readings the same way for children, teens, and adults. They use a gauge, stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. With this equipment, they measure: ?Systolic Pressure: blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood ?Diastolic Pressure: blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats Health care workers write blood pressure numbers with the systolic number above the diastolic number. For example: 118/76 mmHg People read "118 over 76" millimeters of mercury. Normal Blood Pressure Normal blood pressure for adults is defined as a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. It is normal for blood pressures to change when you sleep, wake up, or are excited or nervous. When you are active, it is normal for your blood pressure to increase. However, once the activity stops, your blood pressure returns to your normal baseline range. Blood pressure normally rises with age and body size. Newborn babies often have very low blood pressure numbers that are considered normal for babies, while older teens have numbers similar to adults. Abnormal Blood Pressure Abnormal increases in blood pressure are defined as having blood pressures higher than 120/80 mmHg. The following table outlines and defines high blood pressure severity levels. Stages of High Blood Pressure in Adults Stages Systolic (top number) Diastolic (bottom number) Prehypertension 120?139 OR 80?89 High blood pressure Stage 1 140?159 OR 90?99 High blood pressure Stage 2 160 or higher OR 100 or higher The ranges in the table are blood pressure guides for adults who do not have any short-term serious illnesses. People with diabetes or chronic kidney disease should keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg. Although blood pressure increases seen in prehypertension are less than those used to diagnose high blood pressure, prehypertension can progress to high blood pressure and should be taken seriously. Over time, consistently high blood pressure weakens and damages your blood vessels, which can lead to complications. Types of High Blood Pressure There are two main types of high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure. Primary High Blood Pressure Primary, or essential, high blood pressure is the most common type of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure tends to develop over years as a person ages. Secondary High Blood Pressure Secondary high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. This type usually resolves after the cause is treated or removed. Other Names High blood pressure (HBP) also is called hypertension (HI-per-TEN-shun). When HBP has no known cause, it might be called essential hypertension, primary hypertension, or idiopathic (id-ee-o-PATH-ick) hypertension. When another condition causes HBP, it's sometimes called secondary hypertension. Some people only have high systolic blood pressure. This condition is called isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Many older adults have this condition. ISH can cause as much harm as HBP in which both numbers are too high.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)

Also known as Coronary Angioplasty Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty, is a nonsurgical procedure that improves blood flow to your heart. Overview PCI requires cardiac catheterization, which is the insertion of a catheter tube and injection of contrast dye, usually iodine-based, into your coronary arteries. Doctors use PCI to open coronary arteries that are narrowed or blocked by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque. PCI may be used to relieve symptoms of coronary heart disease or to reduce heart damage during or after a heart attack. A cardiologist, or doctor who specializes in the heart, will perform PCI in a hospital cardiac catheterization laboratory. You will stay awake, but you will be given medicine to relax you. Before your procedure, you will receive medicines through an intravenous (IV) line in your arm to prevent blood clots. Your doctor will clean and numb an area on the wrist or groin where your doctor will make a small hole and insert the catheter into your blood vessel. Live x rays will help your doctor guide the catheter into your heart to inject special contrast dye that will highlight the blockage. To open a blocked artery, your doctor will insert another catheter over a guidewire and inflate a balloon at the tip of that catheter. Your doctor may put a small mesh tube called a stent in your artery to help keep the artery open. After PCI, your doctor will remove the catheters and close and bandage the opening on your wrist or groin. You may develop a bruise and soreness where the catheters were inserted. It also is common to have discomfort or bleeding where the catheters were inserted. You will recover in a special unit of the hospital for a few hours or overnight. You will get instructions on how much activity you can do and what medicines to take. You will need a ride home because of the medicines or anesthesia you received. Your doctor will check your progress during a follow-up visit. If a stent is implanted, you will have to take special anticlotting medicines exactly as prescribed, usually for at least three to 12 months. Serious complications from PCI don?t occur often, but they can happen. These complications may include bleeding, blood vessel damage, a treatable allergic reaction to the contrast dye, the need for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting during the procedure, arrhythmias, damaged arteries, kidney damage, heart attack, stroke, or blood clots. Sometimes chest pain can occur during PCI because the balloon briefly blocks blood supply to the heart. Restenosis, or tissue regrowth in the treated portion of the artery, may occur in the following months and cause the artery to become narrow or blocked again. The risk of complications is higher if you are older, have chronic kidney disease, are experiencing heart failure at the time of the procedure, or have extensive heart disease and multiple blockages in your coronary arteries.


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